After the barbarian’s invadering and demolishion of the western empire – Rome, the East survived as Byzantium with Constantinople as its capital. Byzantium developed a vivid economy, exquisite and bohemian life and strong and effective government that supported the Eastern Church while at the same time urban life, and learning declined in the West. Basic social and legal institutions of the newly founded Islamic world were established in the East. As to development of low Byzantium kept important elements of the Greco-Roman tradition. Under Justinian’s direction, epochal work was done, Byzantine scholars collected and codified Roman law in the four-part Corpus Juris Civilis, studied even nowadays in universities all over the world. The influence of Greek historians was extremely potent on Byzantines including Procopius, Michael Psellus, and Anna Comnena who offered rational, coherent, if not always objective, accounts of historical events. In religious sphere Byzantin thinkers studied Greek philosophy but subordinated philosophical activity to the enterprise of theology. Heiress of the great Roman Empire Byzantium enriched the world culture with musical, artistic, and architectural tradition, thus Byzantine musicians created a tonal system that influenced the course of Western music. Similar to Islamic civilization Byzantine took its fundamental features from two ancient cultures Greco-Roman and Hebrew theory and practice.

Both Islamic and Byzantine art concerned itself with glorifying and serving religious purposes. It is need to be concluded that Byzantine and Islamic civilizations gave crucial heritages to the West. Thus, Byzantine Orthodox tradition formed the religions of much of Slavic Europe, and both civilizations helped to retain and deliver important elements of the Hellenic tradition: Byzantium, the Roman legal tradition and transformed Hellenic architectural styles; Islam, the scientific and philosophical tradition of Greece.

In Europe the primacy of the Latin tradition was continued, essentially through the study of the works of the great bishop of Hippo, Augustine as there were profound effect of the church on the contrary to Byzantium and Muslim countries were it is more appropriate to speak of religious impact not of that of the church. Augustine was nonordinary figure in the European history as his vision inspired the establishment and further cultural development of the Carolingian empire: Augustinianism therefore lies at the very heart of European civilization.